This study observed various discourse participants in the tweets and thematic roles assigned to the discourse participants. The participants were nine males and 21 females of advanced English learners majoring in the English literature, all being native speakers of Farsi. In fact, existing work on syntactic development has focused more on delineating the prior structure in the child necessary for acquisition of syntax than on the needed input. This study explores the production of RCs in Cantonese in two elicited production experiments and two corpus studies. It deals with the acquisition of English relative clause (RC) by German and Turkish students(in Germany and Turkey) learning English as a second and third language and attending the 11th grades of a German school. Building on the emergentist thesis that the structure and use of language is shaped by more basic, non-linguistic forces-rather than by an innate Universal Grammar-William O'Grady shows how the defining properties of various core syntactic phenomena (phrase structure, co-reference, control, agreement, contraction, and extraction) follow from the operation of a linear, efficiency-driven processor. -measures syntactic development-based on average length of a child sentence-length is determined by morphemes rather than words-measuring MLU:-transcribe the child's conversation -divide conversation into utterances -count the number of morphemes in each utterance and add them. Moreover the frequency of English relative clauses in the school books has been given. The findings of this study are expected to be employed in language syllabus designing as well as in grading or sequencing of materials by educators and teaching material developers. Another study (Tse et al., 2002, cited in Cornett, 2014) found significant gender differences between adolescent females and males in syntactic development. Item-based con-structions are less limited in lexical choice than pivot-schemes. Les résultats montrent, d’un côté, un biais structurel dans le traitement des relatives, de l’autre côté, un impact de la (dis)similarité des traits des arguments des relatives objet, ce qui est conforme à l’hypothèse de la Minimalité Relativisée aux traits: les relatives sujet sont plus faciles puisque il y a une relation structurelle locale entre la tête sujet et la lacune; les relatives objet sont plus difficiles en raison d'une intervention du sujet, mais uniquement dans la mesure où l’intervenant sujet partage les mêmes traits avec la tête objet; si le sujet et l’objet ont des traits dissimilaires, les effets d'intervention du sujet sont réduits ou absents. Syntax refers to the rules used to combine words to make sentences; syntactic development is the way children learn these rules. Meanwhile, the analytic causative construction utilized nggawe ‘make’ in which it indicates an action with desire. The proposal outlined in the chapter is fundamentally emergentist: the complexity observed in anaphora at the level of descriptive analysis dissolves once the effects of more fundamental processing pressures are understood. Le résultat d'un test de jugement d’acceptabilité que nous avons conduit montre que les relatives en cantonais (avec et sans relativiseur) sont dérivées par une opération de montée (raising) de la tête. This book constitutes essential reading for anyone interested in syntax and its place in the larger enterprise of cognitive science. President of the United States, Donald Trump has created his official Twitter (@realDonaldTrump) as a platform for public discourse. This research finally provides some contributions and references for any further research related to the causative construction within any languages. 1999). Anaphora offers an opportunity to draw conclusions about both the syntax of co-reference and the nature of the forces that shape it. A second elicited experiment was run to test this hypothesis. words, pivot-schemes, item-based constructions) to abstract constructions. It is described as the noun phrase (NP) relationship with the event or verb argument in the sentence. © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Syntactic properties of a language enable the learners to construct different sentences that have the same meaning. 2009. that the formation of abstract constructions from word-based patterns in this. Your little one should be able to put two words together and ask two word questions, according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 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